Essay about HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials The Standard of...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus infecting approximately 35.3 million people worldwide that leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 selectively infects certain host immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, resulting in the continual depletion of the host immune system (Global Report, 2013). More specifically, HIV-1 prevalence is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries worldwide. In recent years, there has been much effort devoted to developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The vaccine clinical trials are typically held in these developing countries where HIV-1 prevalence is highest. The dilemma that continues†¦show more content†¦Currently the best standard drug regimen available for HIV-1 infection is that of highly active retroviral treatment (HAART) (Scott Tsevat, 2006). The dilemma is that in 2006, the estimated cost per year of HAART was $ 730 per person. This excludes the fact that market prices of HAART are typically higher, especially in the US. No country in Africa, and few countries elsewhere in the developing world can afford this level of treatment (Specter, 2003). Another interesting study in 2002 found that only 39 out of the 160 countries that data was collected had a per capita health expenditure over $730, which is startling. More so, 85 out of those 160 countries spent under $300 per capita in health expenditures (The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002). Interestingly, another study conducted showed that in 2006, Indias total per capita health expenditure amounted to $23 (Gupta Bollinger, 2006). These studies truly suggest how unobtainable these HIV-1 treatments are to the developing countries. Ultimately, this further suggests that to provide trial participants with these optimal treatments, outside entities would be required for providing the funds. Even in providing trial participants with the high est standard of care (HAART), additional expenses and obstacles must be overcome for the treatment to be truly successful. Due to the fact that HAART is associated with many potential adverse side effects, continual follow-up and monitoring of patients is required toShow MoreRelatedBackground Guide Of World Health Organization7133 Words   |  29 Pagespriorities. As outlined in its 12th Program of Work for the period 2015-2019, current World Health Organization focus areas include providing leadership on global health issues, shaping/supporting research agendas, establishing/enforcing norms and standards, providing technical support, and monitoring global health trends. 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